당신은 NCLEX에 합격합니다Uworld 문제풀이 오답노트 및 의학용어, 약물adult -hematology/oncological 혈액/종양 3hematology/oncological 오답노트NCLEX Uworld- lymphoma Risk factor• viral/bacterial infection: Epstein-Barr virus, herpesvirus 8 ,Heliobacter pylori• Chemical exposure: 제산제, 해충제, 용해성 물질(solvent)• immunosuppression: HIV, 면역결핍 증후군, 면역억제제-cyclosporine, chemotherapycf. Hodgkin lymphoma Sx: weight loss(ex. systemic B symptoms은 진단 not better) Lymphoma have movable lymph nodescf. Hodgkin lymphoma에서 chemo/external beam radiation 치료 시 생길 수 있는 합병증은 SVC syndrome (오답: splenic rupture)- Sickle cell disease vasoocclusive crisis can lead to irreversible tissue damage(MI, limb necrosis)- septic arthritis: 패혈성 관절염중재: synovial fluid aspiration, culture and sensitivity for increasing infection- Rhabdomyolysis Myoglobin is release into the bloodSx: muscle pain (joint pain 아님!)중재: creatinine kinase 모니터. DIC 모니터(bleeding around IV sites)- systemic lupus erythematosus. SLE: 전신 홍반성 루프스 autoimmune disorder 중재: Hydroxychloroquine-HIT. Heparin induced thrombocytopeniaheparin(enoxaparin) 치료의 부작용-62동맥, 정맥 혈전증 위험 높아짐(DVT, PE)진단: serotonin release assay(세로토닌 방출 시험)혈소판 기준치에서 50% 이상 감소 or 15만 미만으로 감소 시 noticf. 혈소판 정상 범위: 15만~40만 - TLS tumor lysis syndrome 합병증: seizure, arrhythmias, AKI(d/t increased serum phosphate)cf. 저칼슘혈증 증상: tetany, seizure • chvostek sign: 입 주위 안면 신경을 건드리면 안면 근육이 수축함 • trousseau sign: 혈압계를 3분 이상 팽창시킬 때(혈류를 차단시킬 때) 손쪽 근육의 수축이 나타나는 것. 손발 연축이 일어나 손목과 손가락 관절의 구부림, 손가락의 과신전, 엄지손가락을 손바닥 쪽으로 구부리는 등- SIADH. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormoneex) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone often occurs with central nervous system involvment of cancer. TLS 합병증으로 나타나지 않음. - smallpox sx: fever and raised skin pustules (오답: radiation contamination 증상 아님)전파: respiratory droplets- SVC syndrome: which can occur when the SVC becomes obstructed due to malignancy (eg. lymphoma in cervical or mediastinal lymph node chains).hematology/oncological 의학용어NCLEX Uworld- ingest: 삼키다ex) Brachytherapy is an internal radiation treatment that is ingested, injected into the bloodstream, or implanted- aplastic anemia: 재생불량성 빈혈ex) Treatment of aplastic anemia includes immunosuppressant therapy and/or hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. 재생불량성 빈혈 치료법=HSCcf. HSC는 림프종의 치료가 아님- nevi: nevus 복수형. 모반, 반점들 skin cancer 징후- nauseate: 메스껍게 하다. 역겹게 하다- hydroxyurea: 수산화요소. 낫 형 세포 병의 장기 치료제- synovial: 윤활액이 분비되는ex) synovial fluid aspiration. septic arthritis의 중재- excruciating: 몹시 고통스러운, 극심함- remission: (병의) 차도 ex) SLE is characterized by alternating periods of exacerbation and remission- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): 파종성 혈관 내 응고- agregate: 합계, 총액ex) DIC Caused by abnormal platelet aggregation and consumption of clotting factors 비정상적인 혈소판 응집 및 응고 인자 소비- Cascade: 풍성하게 늘어지다- myelodysplatic syndrome: 골수 이형성 증후군. 증상: Low WBC- bluish: 푸르스름한 ex) my mole become blackish to bluish color- epithelial: 상피[조직]의 squamous: 비늘 모양의ex) Uterine epithelial cells in this area are rapidly and constantly replaced with squamous cells. 자궁경부암 특징- diaphragm: (성관계 전에 피임용으로 여성의 질에 끼우는) 페서리, 횡격막- subtle: 미묘한ex) manifestations of spinal cord compression can be subtle but require immediate intervention to prevent permanent negative outcomes.ex) Early signs of CRC are typically subtle and nonspecific(fatigue, weight loss)- alopecia: 탈모 mucositis: 점막염- stridor: 천명음수혈 아나필라틱 반응 시 respiratory distress(eg. stridor)- Polycystic ovary sundrome.PCOS: 다낭성 난소 증후군 Disproportionately: 불균형적으로Ex) PCOS have disproportionately high estrogen production but low progesterone. PCOS는 cervial cancer의 위험요인- Fibroid: 유섬유증ex) uterine fibroids are the most common type of benign pelvic growth- Shed: 없애다[버리다]ex) Oral contraceptives, which contain only progestinor a combination of estorgen and progestin, are protective against endometrial cancer because the progestin component stimulates endometrial shedding.- obese: 비만인 adipose: 지방질의ex) Adipose tissue increases the conversion of androgens to estrogens. 비만은 자궁내막암의 흔한 risk factors - ovulate: 배란하다- ruddy: 불그레한. polychthemia vera(PV)의 증상. because of venous stasis- spurt: 갑자기 속도를 더 내다Children’s growth spurts: iron deficiency anemia 원인 중 하나- lukewarm: 미지근한Ex) I will wash the treatment site with lukewarm water and mild soap- dimple: (표면에 작게) 옴폭 들어간 곳Ex) the skin on the breast is thickened and dimpled. 유방암 증상- aggressive: 공격적인 nucleic acid: 핵산. TLS tumor lysis snydrome에서 핵산이 많이 release 되어 hyperuricemia. - exaggerate: 과장하다ex) Sepsis is an exaggerated response to an infection in the bloodstream - transmission: 전염, 전파, 전달Ex) hyperkalemia can cause cardiac conduction abnormalities due to impaired neuromuscular transmission - elicit: (정보, 반응을 어렵게) 끌어내다 Positive Chvostek sign is an early indicator of hypocalcemia that may be elicited by tapping the face at the angle of the jaw and abserving for contracion on the same side for the face.- twitch: 씰룩거리다, 경련하다 Ex) hypocalcemia can cause muscles spasms, weakness, and twitching, which is not an improvement of TLS symptoms - cyanide: 청산가리. 시안화물ex) A bitter almond smell on breath is sign of cyanide poisoning.- pustule: 농포, 고름집 smallpox의 특징.- boggy: 늪 같은, 엉성한 Boggy liver edge below the trib cage=hepatomegaly Normal: distinct liver edge that is even with the right costal margin- opacity: (유리, 액체 등이) 불투명함Ex) The lungs are clear with no infiltrates or opacities- mononucleosis: 단핵구증hematology/oncological 약물NCLEX Uworld- hydroxychloroquine: 하이드록시클로로퀸. SLE 치료제. 항말라리아제. 부작용: 망막 독성(changes in vision)- hypouricemic medication: rasburicase, allopurinol TLS 고 요산혈증 해결 위해 사용- beta-2 adrenergic agonist: albuterol, salmeterol. used to dilate the airways. 고 칼륨혈증, 빈맥 있을 시 투여 신중히- methylpredisolone sodium succinate is a glucocorticoid medication. Used to reduce airway inflammation in asthma. 글루코코르티코이드 치료 시작 시 일시적으로 WBC 상승될 수 있음NCLEX 80일의 기적Growth playground with pureum